动态同意:一条通往研究同意的皇家道路?
Andreas Bruns1, Eva C Winkler2
1Section of Translational Medical Ethics, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany andreas.bruns@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Journal of medical ethics
|July 24, 2024
概括
动态同意,生物银行的一种新方法,在尊重参与者的自主性方面,可能在道德上并不优于广泛的同意. 这两种方法都面临着医学研究真正知情同意的挑战.
科学领域:
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 医学研究伦理学医学研究伦理学
- 在知情同意的情况下同意.
背景情况:
- 生物库和数据基础设施的兴起挑战了医学研究中的传统知情同意.
- 对于大规模的数据研究来说,研究特定的同意是不切实际的.
- 广泛的同意,虽然促进研究,但被批评可能破坏知情同意.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估动态同意的道德优越性,而不是关于个人自治的广泛同意.
- 检查以信息为中心和以控制为中心的论点,以支持动态同意的伦理优势.
- 评估动态同意是否真正增强了自主权及其道德正当性.
主要方法:
- 关于知情同意模型的伦理论据的哲学分析.
- 解构声称动态同意在道德上优于广泛同意的说法.
- 审查同意,自主权和特定选择类型之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 既不是以信息为中心的论点,也不是以控制为中心的论点,都不能成功地证明动态同意的道德优越性,而不是广泛的同意.
- 在动态同意所能实现的所有选择上采取行动的道德理由是可疑的.
- 动态同意对个人自主权的增强尚未最终确立.
结论:
- 动态同意,尽管有潜力,但与广泛的同意相比,在生物银行领域的知情同意本身并没有提供道德上优越的框架.
- 需要对动态同意的实施和动态同意对参与者自主权的影响进行进一步的伦理审查.
- 医学研究同意的伦理格局需要细致的考虑,而不仅仅是广泛与动态模型的二分法.
更多相关视频
06:16Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
Published on: June 6, 2020
3.7K
08:53Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community
Published on: May 31, 2019
5.1K
相关概念视频
01:56Ethics in Research
23.0K
Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
23.0K
01:20Conformity
45.1K
Conformity is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if that person does not agree with the group.
45.1K
01:40Archival Research
16.0K
Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
16.0K
01:52Persuasion Strategies
38.6K
Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
38.6K
02:16Surveys
14.7K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
14.7K
02:20Milgram's Obedience to Authority
6.4K
Obedience to authority is classically demonstrated in a more famous series of social psychology experiments performed by Stanley Milgram. He was a social psychology professor at Yale who was influenced by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal. Eichmann’s defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was “just following orders.”
6.4K