头 (Sapajus) 和没有头 (Cebus) 的下的生物机械学
Taylor A Polvadore1, Caitlin B Yoakum2, Parker M Taylor1
1Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States.
American journal of biological anthropology
|July 25, 2024
概括
卡普奇人下的强度随着年龄的增长而增加,在的卡普奇人 (Sapajus spp.) 中. 在早期的发育过程中,与未接种 (Cebus spp.) 相比,它们对曲和扭曲的抵抗力更强. 野生Sapajus比被囚禁的个人表现出增强的生物力学特性.
科学领域:
- 灵长类古生物学
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 灵长类人下中的皮层骨形状是理解生物机械性质的关键.
- 这些性质的本体遗传发展,特别是在雀中,仍然不太了解.
- (Sapajus spp.) 之间的饮食差异 和没有植物的 (Cebus spp.) 卡普奇人很早就建立起来,并影响下负荷.
研究的目的:
- 在卡普奇人本体发生过程中调查下皮层骨截面性质的变化.
- 为了比较这些属性之间的囚禁和野生,半供应的群.
- 为了阐明与饮食和环境有关的器装置的适应性可塑性.
主要方法:
- 分析了22只Cebus和45只Sapajus从婴儿期到成年期的微型CT扫描.
- 部横截面属性在交合体,P3和M1.1.上计算出来.
- 单向ANOVA评估了Cebus,Sapajus和半供应的Sapajus种群之间的差异.
主要成果:
- 在所有样本种群中,下强度随着本体发生而增加.
- 萨帕尤斯从早期发展起就表现出对曲和扭曲负荷的优越抵抗力.
- 与被囚禁的Sapajus相比,半装备的Sapajus显示出对曲和扭曲的增强抵抗力,在剪切阻力上没有显著差异.
结论:
- 卡普奇人下巴几何学上的本体遗传变化影响生物机械性质.
- 饮食适应和环境因素 (俘与野生) 导致下强度的差异.
- 这项研究为研究灵长类系统的适应性可塑性提供了基础.
相关概念视频
01:46Types of Selection
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
01:54Convergent Evolution
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...
01:18Classification of Bones
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
01:19Machines
Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. One example of a machine is the cutting plier, which is used to cut wires by applying forces to its handles. When equal and opposite forces are exerted on the handles of the cutting plier, they cause the cutting edges to come together and apply equal and opposite reaction forces on the wire, which are greater than the applied forces.
A free-body diagram of the...
A free-body diagram of the...
01:19Muscles that Move the Head
The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
01:11Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II
Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...