[公式:参阅文本] 具有和没有数学困难的儿童之间的数学词题解决能力差距:工作记忆是否介导和/或适度治疗效果?
H Lee Swanson1,2, Michael J Orosco3, Deborah K Reed4
1Educational Psychology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
概括
工作记忆 (WM) 在有或没有数学困难 (MD) 的儿童中显著影响文字问题解决 (WPS) 的准确性. WM的表现调解了教学成果,突出了它在MD学生学业成功中的关键作用.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 工作记忆 (WM) 对于复杂的认知任务至关重要,例如文字问题解决 (WPS).
- 患有数学困难 (MD) 的儿童经常表现出WM缺陷,影响他们的学业成绩.
- 了解WM在WPS结果中的作用对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查WM在WPS教学成果中对MD和没有MD的儿童的调节和调解作用.
- 为了比较不同策略指令对WPS准确性的影响.
- 检查WM如何影响MD和没有MD的儿童之间WPS表现的差异.
主要方法:
- 采用了随机的测试前后测试对照组设计.
- 三年级的MD和没有MD的学生 (N=207) 参加了为期8周的战略指导研究.
- 四种治疗条件进行了比较:三种策略变化和两个对照组.
主要成果:
- 测试后的WM独立地预测了WPS,计算和模式准确性.
- 当对照组包括没有MD的儿童时,WM介导的WPS治疗结果.
- 策略指令中的突出线索减少了MD儿童的WM需求.
- 注意分配训练改善了MD的儿童的WM,但没有WPS.
结论:
- 在患有多发性硬化症的儿童中,WM在WPS结果中发挥着重要的调解作用.
- 减少WM负载的教学策略可能有利于患有MD的儿童.
- 脑筋疲劳的差异是患有脑筋疲劳的孩子和没有脑筋疲劳的孩子之间的WPS绩效差异的基础.
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