建模构造主义者通过语法-语义模式的发现来获取语言
Jonas Doumen1,2, Katrien Beuls3, Paul Van Eecke1,2,4
1Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Royal Society open science
|July 25, 2024
概括
这项研究介绍了儿童如何学习语言的计算模型,重点是寻找语言形式和意义中的模式. 它使人工智能能够有效,透明和数据高效地学习构建语法.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 儿童语言获取得到了充分的研究,但缺乏计算模型.
- 现有的人工智能通信模型不能忠实地复制类似人类的学习机制.
研究的目的:
- 引入一种机械计算模型,用于构造主义的语言学习.
- 通过语法-语义模式的发现,使语言学习成为可操作的.
主要方法:
- 从基于形式含义相似性和差异的语言观察中开发了一种学习语法方法.
- 创建了由可变范围,抽象形式-意义映射组成的语法,称为构造.
- 将方法应用于CLEVR基准数据集,以证明概念.
主要成果:
- 展示了在线,增量和数据效率学习的建筑语法.
- 从发言意义对展示了透明和有效的学习.
- 验证了模型学习以项目为基础的构造语法的能力.
结论:
- 拟议的模型提供了儿童语言学习的忠实计算操作.
- 这种方法促进了人工智能的语言理解和生产.
- 该方法在以数据高效的方式学习构造语法方面被证明是有效的.
相关概念视频
01:22Language Development
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
334
01:27Language and Cognition
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
340
01:24Components of Language
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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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01:12Observational Learning
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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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01:12Modeling and Similitude
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Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...
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01:14Steps in the Modeling Process
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Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
195