延长释放混合安非他盐治疗伴并发症成人注意力缺陷/多动障碍和大麻使用障碍:试点,随机双盲,安慰剂控制试验
Frances R Levin1,2, John J Mariani1,2, Martina Pavlicova3
1Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Journal of attention disorders
|July 25, 2024
概括
延长释放混合胺盐 (MAS-ER) 在患有ADHD和大麻使用障碍 (CUD) 的成年人中没有显著改善ADHD症状或大麻戒断. 然而,随着时间的推移,MAS-ER确实减少了每周使用大麻的日子.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 成 药物 药物 药物 药物
背景情况:
- 患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 和大麻使用障碍 (CUD) 的成年人存在复杂的治疗挑战.
- 对伴随性ADHD和CUD的有效管理策略对于改善患者的治疗结果至关重要.
- 目前对这一群体的治疗选择需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 评估延长释放混合胺盐 (MAS-ER) 在治疗成人多动症症状中的有效性.
- 评估MAS-ER对促进CUD患者禁欲的影响.
- 确定MAS-ER是否可用于并发性ADHD和CUD的可行治疗.
主要方法:
- 一个为期12周的随机,双盲,安慰剂控制的试点可行性试验.
- 涉及28名被诊断患有并发性ADHD和CUD的成年人.
- 将MAS-ER (80毫克) 与安慰剂进行比较,通过AISRS和CUD戒断来测量ADHD症状的减少.
主要成果:
- 在这两组中,药物总体上都被很好地容忍.
- 在MAS-ER和安慰剂之间,在ADHD症状减少或大麻戒断率方面没有观察到统计学上显著的差异.
- 在研究期间,MAS-ER组的每周大麻使用日数显著减少.
结论:
- 在这项试点研究中,MAS-ER耐受性良好,但在减少ADHD症状或促进戒断方面没有表现出优越性.
- 小样本的样本规模限制了关于疗效的最终结论.
- 随着时间的推移,MAS-ER在减少大麻使用频率方面表现出显著的效果,这表明减少危害的潜在好处.
相关概念视频
01:24CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids
174
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
174
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
51
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
51
01:28Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents
699
Mixed-action adrenergic agonists, like ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, directly and indirectly affect adrenergic receptors. These agents stimulate adrenoceptors and indirectly release stored neurotransmitters, amplifying the adrenergic response.
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...
699
01:29Stimulants
181
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
181
01:17Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents
163
Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
163
01:30Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
114
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
114