在噪音中识别语音是否与无关声音引起的记忆障碍有关?
Daniel Oberfeld1, Katharina Staab2, Florian Kattner3
1Institute of Psychology, Section Experimental Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany.
Trends in hearing
|July 25, 2024
概括
在噪音中理解语音是复杂的. 虽然短期记忆的分心 (无关的声音效应) 并不是关键因素,但强大的记忆能力和良好的听力对于语音识别至关重要.
科学领域:
- 听觉神经科学 听觉神经科学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 语音感知 语音感知
背景情况:
- 在语音噪音 (SiN) 理解的个体差异是显著的,即使在正常听力.
- 这些变化与听觉和认知功能有关.
- 短期记忆易受听觉干扰 (无关声音效应,ISE) 对SiN处理的影响需要进一步探索.
研究的目的:
- 研究正常听觉的年轻成年人中,语音在语音 (SiN) 处理和无关声音效应 (ISE) 之间的关系.
- 为了确定SiN识别性能的关键预测因素.
- 为了澄清短期记忆能力和双耳敏感性在SiN中的作用.
主要方法:
- 67名具有正常听力学值的年轻成年人参与了这项研究.
- 在两个干扰说话者进行的空间倾听任务中评估了语音识别.
- 测量了听力学值,双耳灵敏度 (音声间相差,IPD),串行记忆 (有或没有分心),以及自我报告的噪音灵敏度.
主要成果:
- 语音处理与无关声音效应 (ISE) 并没有显著相关.
- 成功识别SiN的关键预测因素包括长时间的短期记忆,低IPD值,对称的听力学值和低噪音灵敏度.
- 非中断的短期内存容量解释了SiN处理中的更大的差异,而不是ISE.
结论:
- 无关的声音效应 (ISE) 不是正常听力个体的语音识别的主要决定因素.
- 短期记忆能力,双耳敏感性,听力对称性和噪音敏感性对于在具有挑战性的听觉环境中理解语音至关重要.
- 需要进一步研究自我报告的噪音灵敏度与SiN性能之间的反向关系.
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