在156公里的山地超级马拉松比赛中,阿基里斯肌和三肌肌肉结构的纵向变化
Joffrey Drigny1, Marion Remilly2, Corentin Hingrand3
1Service de Médecine du Sport, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|July 25, 2024
概括
经验丰富的超级马拉松运动员在156公里比赛中显示了阿基里斯横截面区域 (AT CSA) 的显著变化. 由于压力,AT CSA最初下降,然后增加,这表明适应性持续在比赛后.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 山地超级马拉松对运动员施加极端的生理和生物力学要求.
- 了解肌单位的适应性对于预防受伤和优化耐力赛中的表现至关重要.
- 在长时间高强度跑步期间,三肌肌结构的纵向变化仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 在156公里的山地超级马拉松期间纵向评估三肌肌结构的变化.
- 调查跑步速度与阿基里斯横截面区域 (AT CSA) 的变化之间的关系.
- 为了确定肌肉和肌的适应是否在完成者和非完成者之间存在差异,并在比赛后持续存在.
主要方法:
- 55名经验丰富的步道跑者接受了超声波成像,以测量AT CSA和其他肌特性.
- 测量是在基线,比赛期间 (52公里,104公里,156公里) 和比赛后12小时进行的.
- 统计分析检查了AT CSA在跑步速度和比赛完成方面的变化.
主要成果:
- 在超级马拉松期间观察到AT CSA的显著双相变化 (P = 0.001).
- AT CSA最初从基线下降到52公里,特别是在更快的跑者 (>8公里/小时) 中.
- 然后,AT CSA在104公里至156公里之间显著增加,与速度下降和运行参数改变相关.
- 赛后的AT CSA在12小时后明显大于基线 (P = 0.010).
- 在完成者和非完成者之间,没有发现肌结构变化的显著差异.
结论:
- 在156公里的山地超级马拉松比赛中,阿基里斯肌经历了显著的双相适应性修改.
- 最初的AT CSA下降反映了机械应力,而随后的增加表明了适应性机械传导.
- 这些在AT CSA中的适应性变化在比赛后至少持续12小时,可能会减轻肌负荷.
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