音乐家在空间听觉任务中只有当他们经过高度训练,早日开始训练,并继续演奏时,才有优势
Beverly A Wright1, Huanping Dai2
1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University Institute for Neuroscience, 2240 Campus Drive, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States.
Hearing research
|July 25, 2024
概括
音乐家表现出增强的声音本地化技能,特别是与音声间水平差异 (ILDs),特别是当训练开始及早并继续时. 在空间听力方面的这种优势在音声间时间差异 (ITD) 中没有被观察到.
科学领域:
- 听觉神经科学 听觉神经科学
- 精神声学是一种精神声学.
- 音乐认知 音乐认知
背景情况:
- 与非音乐家相比,音乐家在非音乐听觉任务中往往表现出优异的表现.
- 这种优势在多大程度上适用于声音定位至关重要的空间听觉,仍然是活跃的研究领域.
研究的目的:
- 调查音乐训练是否增强对音声间水平差异 (ILDs) 和音声间时间差异 (ITDs) 的敏感性,这是水平声音定位的关键线索.
- 探索培训时间,开始年龄和持续时间对这些听觉处理能力的影响.
主要方法:
- 在音乐家和非音乐家中,对4kHz的ILDs (n=246) 和0.5kHz的ITDs (n=137) 评估了歧视值.
- 分析了基于不同音乐训练历史的数据,包括练习的长度,开始和继续.
- 包括极端音乐家 (≥10岁,开始 ≤7岁,仍在演奏) 和非音乐家 (<2年培训) 在内的子组之间的性能比较.
主要成果:
- 音乐家在ILD歧视中的显著优势出现了,特别是在极端音乐家与非音乐家和其他训练有素的群体相比.
- 这种ILD优势与早期发病和持续的音乐练习有关,在男性中更为明显.
- 对于ITD歧视,没有发现同等音乐家的优势.
结论:
- 音乐与对ILDs的高度敏感性有关,这是一个空间听觉暗示,表明经验 ("培养") 的作用.
- 这种增强的ILD处理似乎依赖于与ITD不同且比ITD更具适应性的神经机制.
- 这些发现突出了特定的声音本地化线索的听觉处理的可塑性,这些线索受到专门的音乐训练的影响.
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