高致病性禽流感H5N1病毒向乳牛传播
Leonardo C Caserta1, Elisha A Frye1, Salman L Butt1
1Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Nature
|July 25, 2024
概括
高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5N1病毒类别2.3.4.4b已经蔓延到美国的奶牛中,导致疾病并显示出高效的母牛传播. 这凸显了病毒跨越物种障碍进入新宿主的能力.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学
- 传染性疾病
- 一个健康
背景情况:
- 自2022年1月以来,高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5N1病毒类别2.3.4.4b已经在美国造成了大量的家禽和野生鸟类死亡.
- 在此次疫情期间,经常报告了HPAI H5N1向各种哺乳动物传播的事件.
研究的目的:
- 调查并报告HPAI H5N1病毒在美国多个州的奶牛群体中蔓延.
- 在受影响的牛群中描述HPAI H5N1的临床表现,病毒分泌,组织热带性和传播动态.
主要方法:
- 对受影响的奶牛进行临床观察,包括减少料摄入量,改变便的一致性,呼吸困难和减少牛奶产量.
- 在感染牛的牛奶样本中检测感染性病毒和病毒RNA.
- 免疫组织化学和现场杂交以确定牛组织中的病毒分布.
- 来自牛,鸟类,家猫和子的病毒基因组测序.
- 流行病学分析,包括跟踪牛在不同场所的转移后的传播.
主要成果:
- HPAI H5N1病毒成功感染了奶牛,导致典型的临床症状和在牛奶中检测到病毒.
- 组织病理学分析显示,受感染牛的乳腺膜上皮细胞具有特定的特异性.
- 基因组测序证实了涉及乳牛,鸟类,家猫和子的多向跨物种传播.
- 有证据表明,牛对牛的有效传播,特别是在从受感染的农场运送到新地点的看似健康的牛后.
结论:
- HPAI H5N1 类 2.3.4.4b 病毒已经证明能够扩散到乳牛中,从而建立了一个新的传播接口.
- 病毒在受感染的奶牛的乳腺中有效地复制并排出.
- 证据支持对牛的物种间传播和牛之间的有效物种内传播,强调病毒的适应性.
- 这些发现凸显了HPAI H5N1跨越物种障碍的巨大潜力,需要继续采取监测和控制措施.
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