技术说明:根据身高和骨盆宽度预测身体质量
Christopher B Ruff1, Ian J Wallace2, Amaya Abeyta-Brown2
1Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
American journal of biological anthropology
|July 26, 2024
概括
从骨测量中预测身体质量对于正常体重指数 (BMI) 个体来说是准确的. 然而,对于肥胖的人来说,现有的方程是不可靠的,因此需要新的法医和考古应用模型.
科学领域:
- 法医人类学 法医人类学
- 生物考古学的生物考古学
- 人类骨科人类骨科
背景情况:
- 从骨遗骸中估计人体质量的预测方程对于法医和考古学研究至关重要.
- 以前使用身高和双宽度的模型在现代人群中显示了可变的准确性,这引发了人们对其一般适用性的担忧.
研究的目的:
- 评估现有的身高和双宽度方程的准确性,以预测不同人群的体重.
- 为了确定身体质量指数 (BMI) 对这些方程的预测准确性的影响.
- 开发适用于特定环境的新预测方程,例如法医和考古调查.
主要方法:
- 利用来自新墨西哥死者图像数据库的507名最近去世的成年人的骨和人体数据,包括土著,西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人个人.
- 通过将预测质量与实际质量进行比较,在不同BMI类别中分析偏差和随机错误,评估已建立的体重预测方程的准确性.
- 在样本中使用非肥胖个体 (n=338) 的数据推导出新的预测方程.
主要成果:
- 现有的方程准确地预测了正常BMI (18.5-24.9) 的个体的体重,显示了最小的偏差 (约. 1%) 和较低的随机误差 (<8%).
- 对于体重指数较低或较高的人来说,预测的准确性较低:体重不足的人预测过高,而超重和肥胖的人预测不足.
- 预测错误与BMI的变化有很强的相关性,这表明BMI是影响方程准确性的主要因素.
结论:
- 身高/双宽度方法在考古学和古生物学背景下可靠地估计人体质量,因为过去的人口中BMI范围正常的普遍性被认为是可靠的.
- 这些方程不适用于一般的法医应用,因为当代社会中肥胖的流行率很高.
- 来自非肥胖个体的新方程式在非肥胖的法医病例中为估计体重提供了更高的准确性,如果可以通过其他骨标志物识别肥胖症,则有可能进行改进.
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