关于B型肝炎疫苗不响应和相关的B细胞失忆症的概述:一个范围审查
Nura Bello1,2, Shuaibu A Hudu3,4, Ahmed S Alshrari5
1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840232, Nigeria.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 26, 2024
概括
乙型肝炎疫苗不响应影响高达10%的健康人群和50%的免疫受损患者. 了解遗传,免疫因素和B细胞失忆症是通过有针对性的策略提高疫苗疗效的关键.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
背景情况:
- 乙型肝炎疫苗接种对于预防肝细胞癌至关重要.
- 在健康人群中,接种疫苗的反应率很高 (90-95%),但在免疫力低下的群体中 (高达50%),反应率较低.
- 不对乙型肝炎疫苗做出反应是一个重大的公共卫生挑战.
研究的目的:
- 审查B型肝炎疫苗没有反应的情况.
- 探索潜在的机制,包括B细胞失忆症.
- 确定克服疫苗不反应的策略.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库中进行全面的文献搜索 (谷歌学者,PubMed,Scopus,Cochrane,ClinicalTrials.org).
- 关键词包括"B型肝炎疫苗无反应"和"B细胞失忆症".
- 研究的选择和报告遵循了PRISMA指南.
主要成果:
- 包括133项研究,确定了导致非反应的遗传 (性别,HLA,细胞因子多态) 和免疫因素.
- 在免疫功能低下的状态中,如功能衰竭,糖尿病,艾滋病毒和共同感染 (HCV) 中,不响应很普遍.
- 机制包括受损的T辅助细胞反应和通过调节性B和T细胞诱导的抑制.
结论:
- 了解患者特异性因素和疫苗特征对于有效预防至关重要.
- 改善应答的策略包括再接种疫苗,增剂剂量,皮内注射和辅助剂的使用.
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