在脊椎动物中超保守元素的演化
Mitchell Cummins1, Cadel Watson2, Richard J Edwards1
1School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Molecular biology and evolution
|July 26, 2024
概括
超保存元素 (UCE) 是一种古老的DNA序列,在各个物种中得到保存. 这项研究重新定义了UCE,并揭示了它们的早期脊椎动物起源,主要是在水生环境中,影响了关键的发育基因.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
背景情况:
- 超保存元素 (UCE) 最初是由有限的哺乳动物基因组中的高序列相同性 (≥200 bp) 定义的.
- 以前的研究表明,鱼类祖先的快速扩张和鸟类和哺乳动物的强烈负面选择.
- 众多基因组的可用性需要重新评估UCE定义和进化模式.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个灵活的管道 (dedUCE) 来识别跨多个基因组的超保守元素.
- 根据更广泛的基因组数据,提出对超保守元素的更新定义.
- 研究脊椎动物中超保守元素的进化起源和分布.
主要方法:
- 开发了dedUCE分析管道,用于灵活识别超保守元素.
- 在大约200个物种中应用了dedUCE,分析了最小长度,序列识别和物种发生率.
- 提出了一个新的定义:序列≥100bp和≥97%的同一性≥50%的胎盘哺乳动物订单.
主要成果:
- 根据更新的定义,确定了12813个超级保存元素.
- 证明了超保守的元素在脊椎动物进化的早期出现,早于陆地殖民.
- 显示的超保存元素主要存在于发育基因 (神经,骨肌肉) 和调节区域的内核中.
结论:
- 超保守的元素起源于水中环境,这是由于自坎布里亚-戴沃尼亚时期以来存在的进化压力所驱动的.
- 大多数超保存元素的序列标识是由早期的Sarcopterygii进化建立的.
- 超保存的元素在发育基因调节中起着至关重要的作用,并在胚胎发生过程中动态表达.
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