发展一个道德视角尺度的发展
Kevin J Diegel1, Timothy M Barth1, Charles G Lord1
1Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Psychological reports
|July 26, 2024
概括
研究人员开发了伦理观点尺度 (EPS) 来衡量五个道德观点:功利主义,权利,公平,公共利益和美德. 这种新的尺度可靠地预测对复杂的道德困境的判断.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 道德上的判断道德上的判断
背景情况:
- 现有的理论提出道德观点影响道德判断,但缺乏验证的个人差异尺度.
- 马克库拉框架概述了五个不同的伦理观点:功利主义,权利,公平/正义,公共利益和美德.
研究的目的:
- 根据五个视角的Markkula框架开发和验证一个伦理观点尺度 (EPS).
- 在评估道德判断时,评估尺度的可靠性,内部一致性和预测有效性.
主要方法:
- 对五个道德视角中的每一个问题进行项目开发和改进.
- 探索性因素分析 (EFA) 和确认性因素分析 (CFA) 基于621名大学生的数据.
- 在单独的学生样本上进行内部一致性 (Cronbach's alpha) 和测试复试可靠性评估.
主要成果:
- EFA和CFA证实了与Markkula前景一致的五因素结构,展示了良好的合适指数.
- EPS子表显示了令人满意的内部一致性 (平均α = .76) 和测试-再测试可靠性 (平均r = .72).
- EPS分量表显著预测了有关毒品合法化,言论自由和流行病限制的道德困境的评估.
结论:
- 开发的道德视角尺度 (EPS) 是一种测量个人在道德视角上的差异的心理测量仪器.
- 在预测对当代道德问题的判断时,EPS证明了它的实用性,这表明它对未来的伦理学和心理学研究和应用的价值.
相关概念视频
01:17Ethical Dilemmas I
869
Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
Let us explore some examples to understand the potentially complex moral decisions nurses face.
Take the case of caring for minors, particularly in areas related to reproductive...
Let us explore some examples to understand the potentially complex moral decisions nurses face.
Take the case of caring for minors, particularly in areas related to reproductive...
869
01:19Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
45
Kohlberg's theory of moral development uses the Heinz dilemma — a thought experiment in which a man, Heinz, must decide whether to steal an unaffordable drug to save his dying wife — to illustrate the evolution of moral reasoning. This framework, divided into three levels with two stages, highlights how individuals' understanding of right and wrong becomes increasingly complex.
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal...
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal...
45
01:22Self-Report Tests of Personality
332
Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
332
02:34Empathy
9.6K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.
9.6K
01:27Ethical Issues
886
Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
886
01:28Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood
53
Erik Erikson, a stage theorist, adapted Freud's theory to emphasize social factors in personality development throughout life, a concept known as psychosocial development. Unlike Freud, who focused on early childhood, Erikson believed that personality evolves across eight life stages, each marked by a specific challenge or "crisis." Successful resolution of each stage fosters competence, while failure may lead to feelings of inadequacy.
The first four of Erikson's eight...
The first four of Erikson's eight...
53