三岁:认知灵活性发展的里程碑
Chufan Wan1, Hui Cai1, Fuhong Li1
1School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 27, 2024
概括
三岁儿童的认知灵活性正在发展,三岁以上的儿童表现出更好的规则更改能力. 这表明,三岁是认知灵活性和抑制控制发展的关键里程碑.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 学前儿童的认知灵活性 (CF) 已经得到了充分的研究,但它在三岁左右的发展仍然不清楚.
- 了解儿童早期的认知发展对于教育和临床干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过逐步规则诱导任务 (sRIT) 调查三岁儿童的认知灵活性 (CF).
- 为了确定三岁是否代表CF的发展里程碑,以及抑制控制的作用.
主要方法:
- 在2.5至3.5岁的儿童中,进行了一项由9个步骤组成的逐步规则诱导任务 (sRIT).
- 给孩子们展示了一对盒子,并收到负面反,以鼓励规则的更换和隐含的抑制旧规则.
主要成果:
- 81.10%的儿童成功完成了至少一组sRIT.
- 三岁以上的孩子表现优异,与三岁以下的孩子相比.
- 在规则切换和规则概括之间发现了正相关性,表明成功抑制了前一个规则.
结论:
- 三岁似乎是认知灵活性发展的重要里程碑.
- 抑制性控制在促进认知发育过程中的规则切换方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
相关概念视频
01:17Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development
544
During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
544
01:25Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood
102
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
102
01:14Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
610
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
610
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
50
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
50
01:14Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development
70
The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone,...
70
01:19Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development
43
The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...
43