与工作相关的心理社会因素及其对心理工作负载感知和身体姿势的影响
Rodrick Adams1, Valentina Nino1
1Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA 30060, USA.
概括
工作场所的心理社会因素,尤其是警报,会在任务中对心理工作量和身体姿势产生负面影响. 了解这些影响对于医疗保健工作者福祉和患者安全至关重要.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 人类因素工程 人类因素工程
- 心理社会工作环境 工作环境
背景情况:
- 工作感知与影响任务执行的生理反应有关.
- 心理社会工作因素会影响员工的健康,但因果关系受到研究设计的限制.
- 医疗环境往往会出现心理社会压力因素,如报警和时间限制.
研究的目的:
- 研究常见的心理社会因素对心理工作量和身体姿势的影响.
- 将感知到的心理工作负载 (NASA-TLX) 与人体工程学评估 (REBA/RULA) 相比较.
- 评估警报,分心和时间限制如何影响人类行为和身体反应.
主要方法:
- 参与者在不同的心理工作负载水平下执行坐着和站着的任务.
- 美国宇航局任务负载指数 (NASA-TLX) 衡量了人们对心理工作负载的感知.
- 快速全身评估 (REBA) 和快速上肢评估 (RULA) 评估了身体姿势.
主要成果:
- 警报条件显著恶化了心理工作负载的感知和身体姿势.
- 在这两项任务中,时间需求和精力对心理社会因素高度敏感.
- 性别影响了身体需求和站立任务的表现,但不是人体工程学分数.
结论:
- 组织和心理社会因素极大地影响医护人员的行为,健康和患者安全.
- 报警是对工作精神和身体方面产生负面影响的关键因素.
- 需要进一步的研究来阐明心理社会因素,工作负载和职业障碍之间的关系.
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