球场表面对西班牙职业男性足球运动员工作负载反应的影响
José C Ponce-Bordón1, Jorge Polo-Tejada1, Borja Sanabria-Pino1
1Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. De la Universidad, S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 27, 2024
概括
球场表面显著影响足球训练负载. 高质量的天然草增加了感知力,而人工草减少了总体距离,但增加了高速跑步和冲刺.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 了解球场表面对运动员工作负载的影响对于预防伤害和优化职业足球中的表现至关重要.
- 不同的草类型可能会在训练期间引起不同的生理和生物力学反应.
研究的目的:
- 量化不同比赛面 (质量差的天然草,高质量的天然草,第三代人造草) 对职业足球运动员工作量相关变量的影响.
- 在各种训练面上分析外部负荷 (例如距离,速度) 和内部负荷 (例如感知力的速度,心理负荷).
主要方法:
- 使用全球定位系统 (GPS) 设备在训练期间监控外部负载参数.
- 雇员自报问卷以评估内部负载,包括感知劳动率 (RPE) 和心理负载.
- 分析了20名职业男性足球运动员在30次季前训练中在三个不同的比赛表面上进行的数据.
主要成果:
- 与质量差的天然草相比,高质量的天然草的感知力度 (RPE) 显著更高.
- 与这两种天然草相比,第三代人造草的总距离,相对总距离,加速度,减速和高代谢负载距离明显较低.
- 相反,高速跑步,冲刺距离和冲刺次数在第三代人造草上更高.
结论:
- 游戏表面类型在职业足球中显著影响训练负载变量.
- 教练在规划和规定训练负载时必须考虑训练面,以优化球员的条件和减轻受伤风险.
- 外部和内部负荷的差异表明,与人工与天然草相比,在人工草上训练有着不同的生理需求.
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