一个广泛和古老的肠道菌体血统的细胞系和疾病关联
Patrick A de Jonge1,2,3, Bert-Jan H van den Born1,2,3, Aeilko H Zwinderman4
1Department of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine; Amsterdam UMC; Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Nature communications
|July 27, 2024
概括
古代病毒,称为heliusvirus,在人类肠道微生物群中普遍存在. 它们的多样性随着西方化的生活方式而增加,并且与糖尿病和IBD等某些疾病有关.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 人类微生物组研究研究
背景情况:
- 病毒,特别是菌体,是人类微生物组的组成部分,影响肠道细菌和免疫力.
- 以前的肠道病毒组研究缺乏分类学分辨率,限制了人口层面的洞察力.
- 此前在阿姆斯特丹居民中发现了一种广泛的菌体血统.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究生物多样性和特定的菌体血统在不同的人类群体的演变.
- 根据遗传学分析,提出一种新的病毒分类学顺序,即Candidatus Heliusvirales.
- 评估病毒与人类生活方式和健康状况的关联.
主要方法:
- 来自六个数据库的病毒基因组序列的遗传学分析.
- 从当今和古老的人口中的人类元基因组中识别heliusvirus.
- 在不同的人类群体 (例如,古代与现代,城市化与狩猎采集者,健康与疾病) 之间比较heliusvirus丰富度.
主要成果:
- 提出了一个新的病毒序列,Candidatus Heliusvirales,在5441个个体中的82%中发现了heliusvirus.
- 在古代欧洲和北美的人类转基因组 (1000-5000年前) 中检测到Heliusvirus.
- 病毒血统多样化与人类智人 (大约30万年前) 的出现有关.
- 与现代城市化个体相比,古老的和狩猎采集者群体表现出较低的heliusvirus丰富度.
- 在1/2型糖尿病和炎症性肠道疾病的城市化个体中观察到升的heliusvirus丰度.
结论:
- 病毒是古老的,是人类肠道病毒组的核心组成部分.
- 病毒种群与人类种群一起进化,与生活方式变化相关的显著多样化.
- 西洋化的生活方式和相关疾病与更高的heliusvirus丰富度相关,这表明它在现代健康中发挥了作用.
相关概念视频
00:43Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages
62.1K
In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
62.1K
01:30Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages
70.6K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
70.6K
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.7K
01:23Phylogeny
43.8K
Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
43.8K
00:57Viral Recombination
23.3K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.3K
00:46Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes
43.7K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
43.7K