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相关概念视频

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
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相关实验视频

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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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[儿童的原发性甲状腺功能障碍症]

A R Benina1, A A Kolodkina1, A N Tiul'pakov2

  • 1Endocrinology Research Center.

Problemy endokrinologii
|July 29, 2024
PubMed
概括

这项研究突出了儿童原发性副甲状腺症 (PHPT) 的临床特征和遗传基础,揭示了 MEN1,CDC73 和 RET 基因的突变. 由于儿科PHPT病例的非特异性症状,早期诊断至关重要.

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Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
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科学领域:

  • 儿科内分泌学 儿科内分泌学
  • 内分泌系统疾病 内分泌系统疾病
  • 分子遗传学 分子遗传学

背景情况:

  • 原发性偏甲状腺症 (PHPT) 是儿童罕见的内分泌疾病,由于模糊的症状,往往被诊断为晚期.
  • 它的特征是过度分泌副甲状腺激素 (PTH),导致水平升高.

研究的目的:

  • 研究儿科患者PHPT的临床表现和分子遗传基础.
  • 分析俄罗斯联邦报告的儿童PHPT病例中最大的队列.

主要方法:

  • 在2014-2022年间,对49名被诊断患有PHPT的儿童进行了回顾性观察性研究.
  • 进行了全面的实验室,仪器和分子遗传分析.
  • 对39名手术患者的手术和病理数据进行了审查.

主要成果:

  • PHPT症状出现在大约13.8岁左右,在15.8岁时被诊断出;常见症状包括疲劳,疼痛和骨折.
  • 患有高PTH,和低血的病例普遍存在;43%的人患有高血症.
  • 分子遗传研究在32.7%的患者中发现了突变,其中MEN1突变是最常见的 (n=11).
  • 在手术患者中,甲状腺腺瘤是最常见的诊断 (84.6%).

结论:

  • 这项研究提供了关于儿科PHPT临床过程和遗传情景的见解.
  • 分子遗传分析对于了解儿童PHPT病因学至关重要.
  • 这些发现强调了识别非特异性症状对于及时诊断的重要性.