不同的SARS-CoV-2人群免疫背景容忍不同的RBD进化偏好
Wentai Ma1,2, Haoyi Fu1,2, Fanchong Jian3
1Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.
National science review
|July 29, 2024
概括
由于免疫背景较弱,SARS-CoV-2病毒在中国的演变不同. 与全球变异相比,中国变异中的突变显示出更高的ACE2结合和更少的免疫逃避.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 免疫逃避是病毒演变的关键驱动力,但其在不同人群免疫背景中的变化是不太了解的.
- 在2022年底-2023年初的SARS-CoV-2感染蔓延之前,由于之前的感染率较低,中国的人口具有明显的,不那么强大的免疫背景.
- 这为研究SARS-CoV-2在不同免疫压力下演变提供了独特的机会.
研究的目的:
- 将中国流行的SARS-CoV-2变种 (BA.5.2.48,BF.7.14,BA.5.2.49) 的突变谱和功能特征与其国际对应物进行比较.
- 调查不同人群免疫背景对病毒进化和免疫逃避的影响.
主要方法:
- 对来自中国和其他国家的特定SARS-CoV-2系 (BA.5.2.48,BF.7.14,BA.5.2.49) 的突变谱和功能潜力的比较分析.
- 评估受体结合域 (RBD) 中的突变,以检测血管素转化酶2 (ACE2) 结合亲和力和免疫逃避潜力的变化.
主要成果:
- 在中国变种的RBD中出现的突变更分散,并且在表位上均分布.
- 这些突变导致了较高的ACE2结合亲和力和减少免疫逃避潜力,与其他国家的同行相比.
- 中国变种显示出较低的免疫压力和免疫印记;XBB变种由于更强的免疫逃避,最终超过了所有其他变种.
结论:
- 不断变化的免疫背景对SARS-CoV-2施加不同的进化压力.
- 与病毒基因组监测一起,免疫背景监测对于预测突变和理解变种传播至关重要.
- 研究结果强调了宿主免疫力和病毒进化之间的相互作用在塑造流行病动态方面.
相关概念视频
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
554
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
554
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
5.0K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
5.0K
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
14.9K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
14.9K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
479
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
479
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
766
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
766
Cross-reactivity
31.0K
Overview
31.0K


