以他们自己的方式理解变量群体中的语言处理:对于个体差异,发展和障碍的功能主义心理语言学
Bob McMurray1, Keith S Baxelbaum2, Sarah Colby3
1Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Dept. of Linguistics and Dept. of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa.
Applied psycholinguistics
|July 29, 2024
概括
本研究提出了功能机理性规范性心理语言学方法,评估各种语言处理变异. 它将重点从偏离"模式"的听众转移到理解语言挑战的个别解决方案.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 经典的心理语言学往往假设普遍的语言机制,专注于一个特定的语言.
- 资本化资本化资本化资本
- 听众 (神经典型,单语言,年轻人).
- 应用心理学语言学和一些健康哲学将差异定义为偏离这个规范的偏差.
- 规范主义和机制主义的功能主义观点表明疾病是社会文化上衍生出来的,语言是从多种机制中产生的.
研究的目的:
- 在心理语言学中合成规范和机械功能主义观点.
- 通过倡导基于过程的语言理解来挑战心理测量方法.
- 调查不同人群的词识别过程,因为它们本身具有价值.
主要方法:
- 采用功能机理性规范性方法对心理语言学.
- 分析不同群体的词识别过程 (耳植入物使用者,儿童,语言障碍者,L2学习者,老龄化).
- 检查处理中的变化是价值中立的,并补充了心理测量措施.
主要成果:
- 证明语言处理中的变化并非本质上是负面的.
- 展示了如何研究不同群体对词识别的解决方案可以提供更深入的见解.
- 强调了心理测量措施在反映社会文化适应性方面的互补作用.
结论:
- 基于过程的方法比纯粹的心理测量方法提供了对语言基本原则的更深入的了解.
- 了解各种语言处理变异对于全面了解人类语言至关重要.
- 功能机理性规范性方法重视语言获取和使用的个体差异.
相关概念视频
01:27Language and Cognition
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
340
01:22Language Development
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
334
01:30Information Processing Approach
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
778
01:16Language
206
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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01:29Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder
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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
212