描述中国本科生的同情-系统化个人资料:以人为中心的方法.
1School of Educational Sciences, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Frontiers in psychology
|July 30, 2024
概括
这项研究在中国本科生中确定了五种同情-系统化 (E-S) 个人资料,发现男性学生更有可能成为技术系统化者. 认知概况显示了与直观物理学的联系,但没有社会敏感性.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 性别研究是性别研究.
背景情况:
- 同情-系统化 (E-S) 理论解释了STEM领域的性别差异.
- 之前的研究面临的方法限制,如任意切断和WEIRD采样.
- 在E-S类型的行为相关物中存在差异.
研究的目的:
- 在中国本科生样本中使用一种新的方法识别自然存在的ES概况.
- 探索与这些已识别的 E-S 配置文件相关的预测因素和远程结果.
- 解决现有的ES研究中的方法差距.
主要方法:
- 在785名中国本科生 (年龄在18-25岁,60%为女性) 的样本上使用了三步隐性个人资料分析.
- 检查的人口预测因素 (例如,性别,社会经济地位) 和行为结果 (例如,直觉物理,社会敏感性).
主要成果:
- 确定了五种不同的E-S个人资料:不参与,同情者,导航系统化者,技术系统化者和自称全能者.
- 男性性别预测更高的可能性属于技术系统化者,控制社会经济地位的个人资料.
- 导航系统化器和技术系统化器的个人资料与卓越的直观物理性能有关,在社会敏感性方面没有显著差异.
结论:
- 结果部分支持现有的ES理论,但强调需要文化适应和方法严格.
- 这项研究强调了在理解认知特征及其与学业成绩的关系方面,背景的重要性.
- 未来的研究应该考虑不同的文化背景和精细的ES分类方法.
相关概念视频
02:34Empathy
9.6K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.
9.6K
01:26Cultural Influences on Personality
143
Individualist and collectivist cultures emphasize different core values, shaping personality in distinct ways. In individualist cultures, such as those in the United States, England, and Australia, people prioritize independence, competition, and personal achievement. These societies tend to promote self-focused traits, with individuals often reporting higher levels of self-esteem. In contrast, collectivist cultures, commonly found in regions like Asia, Africa, and South America, emphasize...
143
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
50
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
50
01:22Case Studies
11.6K
There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
11.6K
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
25
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
25
01:29Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck
425
Hans and Sybil Eysenck developed a widely recognized theory of personality, which emphasizes the role of temperament and genetically based differences in shaping individual traits. Their theory posits that biological factors primarily determine personality and can be understood through two main dimensions: extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability.
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...
425