环境对遗传变异的影响可能会限制在新环境中的适应
Greg M Walter1,2, Keyne Monro2, Delia Terranova3
1School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Evolution letters
|July 30, 2024
概括
种群通过可塑性和选择适应新环境,但当遗传变异转移时,这会受到阻碍. 新的条件可以降低适应潜力,影响物种的生存.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 定量遗传学 是一种定量遗传学.
背景情况:
- 适应性可塑性有助于人口适应环境变化.
- 不熟悉的条件可能需要快速适应物种的生存.
- 成功的适应取决于将可塑性和选择与遗传变异结合起来.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究多变异型表型中的附加基因变异如何在高度梯度上发生变化.
- 测试可塑性和选择是否与新环境中的遗传变异保持一致.
- 了解西西里百合花 (Senecio) 沿着一个海拔梯度的两个姐妹物种的适应潜力.
主要方法:
- 采用了量化遗传育种设计,其中约有19,000种来自西西里百合花的两个姐妹物种的种子.
- 相互种植的种子跨越一个海拔梯度,包括每个物种的原生范围.
- 量化幼苗死亡率和五叶特征,以评估适应性和可塑性.
主要成果:
- 叶子特征的遗传变异在高度上表现出比两种物种之间更大的变化.
- 在新的低海拔环境中,高海拔物种在选择方向上的遗传变异减少.
- 在新的高海拔环境中,低海拔物种保持了与其本地表型一致的遗传变异.
- 两种物种的叶子特征可塑性都发生在具有中度遗传变异的方向上.
结论:
- 适应性可塑性,当与遗传变异保持一致时,可以促进在新环境中的适应.
- 显著影响遗传变异的环境影响会在不熟悉的条件下降低适应潜力.
- 了解遗传变异,可塑性和选择之间的相互作用对于预测物种对环境变化的反应至关重要.
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