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高近视:对近视控制策略和近视并发症的评论
Rakhee Shah1,2, Natalia Vlasak1, Bruce J W Evans2
1HOYA Vision Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
概括
由于公共卫生问题和视力受损风险,高近视控制至关重要. 药理和光学干预措施在减缓进展方面表现有希望,但需要进一步的研究.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 视光学测量 视光学测量 视光学测量
背景情况:
- 高近视是一种日益严重的公共卫生问题,特别是在亚洲,视力受损的风险很大.
- 与低度和中度病例相比,对高度近视的近视控制策略的研究有限.
- 青少年高近视的进展有助于长期的视力缺陷.
研究的目的:
- 评估近视控制策略在高近视 (≤-6.00 D) 的有效性.
- 为了识别与高近视相关的并发症.
- 为管理高近视的临床实践和未来研究方向提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在 MEDLINE 和 EMBASE 中系统地搜索英语出版物.
- 包括调查环境,药物和光学近视控制干预措施的研究.
- 对结果的分析包括球体等效折射误差 (SE) 和轴长 (AL) 的变化.
主要成果:
- 药物干预措施 (1%和0.5%的氨酸) 显著减少了高近视的SE和AL进展.
- 光学干预的有效性各不相同:脱焦内置多段镜头的效果不如较低近视,而Ortho-K镜头在近视水平上同样有效.
- 高近视与近视性黄斑变性,视网膜脱落,白内障和绿内障的风险增加有关.
结论:
- 高近视显著影响生活质量,增加了病理并发症和视力受损的风险.
- 早期干预和密切监测对于快速进展的中度和高近视症至关重要,特别是在幼儿中.
- 对高近视的独立和组合近视控制治疗的进一步研究是有必要的.
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