冬眠还是没有冬眠? 棕熊的反应是环境自然线索与囚禁管理之间的不匹配,以及其对福利的影响
Paolo Dori1, Isabella Anastasio2, Elisabetta Macchi2
1Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.
PloS one
|July 31, 2024
概括
被囚禁的棕熊表现出自然的冬眠反应,如行为和荷尔蒙的变化,即使在不断的食物. 环境线索,而不仅仅是食物,对于他们的福祉至关重要.
科学领域:
- 动物学 动物学
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 野生动物生物学 野生动物生物学
背景情况:
- 野生棕熊的冬眠受温度,光周期和食物可用性的影响.
- 随着食物的不断获取,被囚禁的熊可能不会冬眠,这引发了关于冬眠灵活性及其对幸福感的影响的问题.
研究的目的:
- 研究在一致的管理条件下,在养的棕熊中潜在的冬眠反应.
- 分析基于动物的变量和影响冬眠类行为的环境因素.
主要方法:
- 采用了综合方法,分析行为模式,便糖皮质类药物和身体状况得分.
- 同时分析了环境共变量,包括光周期和访客数量.
- 囚禁的棕熊的季节性波动与自然的冬眠周期进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 观察到明显的季节性行为波动,便葡萄皮质和身体状况得分,模仿自然的冬眠周期.
- 摄影期和游客数量显著影响了熊熊活动水平.
- 熊表现出高和前的行为,在高期间便皮质醇代谢物升高.
结论:
- 环境线索在塑造养熊的行为和生理学方面发挥着重要作用,独立于持续的食物供应.
- 管理策略应适应熊的适应性倾向,包括在冬眠前期提供息地和调整饮食.
- 提高养熊的福祉需要承认和支持它们的自然行为和生理周期.
相关概念视频
01:32What is Natural Selection?
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.