使联合设计更负责任:关于开发基于人工智能的决策支持系统在痴呆症护理中的案例研究
Dirk R M Lukkien1,2, Sima Ipakchian Askari1,3, Nathalie E Stolwijk1
1Vilans Centre of Expertise of Long Term Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.
JMIR human factors
|July 31, 2024
概括
负责创新 (RI) 和共同设计被比较用于评估人工智能技术. 仅仅是共同设计可能会错过影响,突出需要明确预测人工智能开发的必要性,以获得更好的社会成果.
科学领域:
- 技术研究 技术研究
- 设计研究 设计研究
- 人与计算机的交互
背景情况:
- 像人工智能 (AI) 这样的新兴技术需要对可持续采用的社会和伦理影响进行早期评估.
- 本文将负责任创新 (RI) 框架与技术评估的共同设计方法进行比较.
- 虽然RI通过预测,包容性,反射性和响应性指导早期评估,但共同设计在开发辅助技术中很常见,但其在预测影响方面的作用不太了解.
研究的目的:
- 实证地探索如何在开发基于人工智能的痴呆症护理人员的决策支持系统 (DSS) 中共同设计,可以通过明确预测后果来增强.
- 将从共同设计过程中获得的见解与来自负责任创新 (RI) 探索的见解进行比较.
主要方法:
- 一个国际合作项目的案例研究,为痴呆症护理人员开发基于AI的DSS.
- 并行共同设计和RI探索,包括检查项目成员对影响和缓解策略的观点.
- 分析和比较共同设计和RI的结果,并补充了对项目成员的回顾性访谈.
主要成果:
- 共同设计参与者确定了负责任的AI部署的关键影响和条件,包括隐私,认知负载,透明度,用户控制,准确性和培训.
- 与RI探索的比较揭示了共同设计的局限性,涉及影响及其解决方案的规范,相互关系和上下文依赖性.
- 专注于创新机会的共同设计可能会导致解决社会和道德影响的知识差距.
结论:
- 在共同设计过程中,优先考虑创新而不是对积极和消极影响的平衡考虑,这可能会在解决社会和道德问题的过程中造成知识差距.
- 为了实现负责任的结果,共同设计促进者应该扩大他们的范围,并更有效地整合预测和包容的RI原则.
- 对影响的明确预测对于人工智能技术的负责任开发和部署至关重要,特别是在医疗保健领域.
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