在真实世界乳腺癌记录上的不良药物事件提取中评估域调整
Gabriel Herman Bernardim Andrade1, Tomohiro Nishiyama1, Takako Fujimaki1
1Department of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, 630-0101, Nara, Japan.
International journal of medical informatics
|July 31, 2024
概括
域调整显著改善了从临床笔记中提取不良药物事件 (ADE),最初的微调产生了实质性的收益. 进一步增加的数据显示,回报率正在下降,这突显了有针对性的适应效率.
科学领域:
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 是一种自然语言处理.
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 药物不良事件 (ADE) 是关键信息,通常隐藏在非结构化的电子健康记录 (EHR) 中.
- 提取ADEs对于患者的安全性和治疗疗效至关重要,但由于数据的变化而具有挑战性.
- 不同临床体之间的域名转移使自动信息提取复杂化.
研究的目的:
- 调查域名转移对用于ADE提取的命名实体识别 (NER) 的影响.
- 评估域适应技术在改善从日本乳腺癌临床笔记中提取ADE的有效性.
- 为了确定与ADEs相关的药物组合.
主要方法:
- 微调一个NER模型,最初在模拟数据上训练,使用真实世界的日本临床笔记库.
- 标注目标群体的一个子集,并逐渐使用它进行模型微调.
- 分析提取的信息,以找到潜在的药物-ADE相关性.
主要成果:
- 用一个小数据集 (100 个文档) 进行域调整,ADE 提取性能提高了 40%.
- 进一步微调更多的数据显示,回报率下降,为数据的八倍提高了18%.
- 该研究证明了域调整在缓解因域转移而导致的性能下降方面的有效性.
结论:
- 域调整对于在不同临床文本域中提高NER模型性能至关重要.
- 虽然域内数据可以提高模型准确性,但过大微调数据集所带来的好处有局限性.
- 有针对性的领域适应策略可以有效地应对临床语言和写作风格的变化所带来的挑战.
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