阿斯加德古生物的防御系统及其在真核免疫的起源中的作用
Pedro Leão1,2,3, Mary E Little4, Kathryn E Appler5
1Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. pedro.leao@ru.nl.
Nature communications
|July 31, 2024
概括
古生物,特别是阿斯加达古生物,拥有多种抗病毒防御系统. 这些系统,包括viperin和argonaute,与真核生物对应物显示同质性,表明古代起源和真核生物免疫中的作用.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 众多的细菌抗病毒系统已知,其中一些在真核生物中发现,但古代系统仍未得到充分研究.
- 了解古代的防御机制对于追踪免疫的演变至关重要.
- 阿斯加达古生物群是与真核生物密切相关的古生物群,使其成为进化研究的重点.
研究的目的:
- 研究古生物中的抗病毒防御系统的多样性和分布.
- 识别和描述阿斯加达古塔的防御系统.
- 探索来自古人类祖先的真核生物抗病毒系统的进化起源.
主要方法:
- 考古遗传基因组的生物信息分析,以确定防御系统.
- 遗传学分析以确定进化关系.
- 细菌中阿斯加德毒蛇蛋白蛋白的异质表达,以测试抗菌素活性.
主要成果:
- 在Asgardarchaeota发现了2610个完整的防御系统,包括89种独特的类型.
- 在阿斯加德毒蛇/阿尔戈诺特蛋白质和它们的真核生物对应物之间发现了结构同质性.
- 在细菌中表达时,Asgard毒蛇的抗菌体活性已被证明.
- 遗传学分析表明,真核生物毒蛇和阿尔戈诺特蛋白质起源于阿斯加达古.
结论:
- 阿斯加达古拥有丰富的抗病毒防御系统.
- 阿斯加达古可能是真核生物中关键抗病毒成分的来源,例如viperin和argonaute.
- 这些发现凸显了阿斯加达科塔在真核生物抗病毒免疫的进化中的重要作用.
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