马达加斯加的农林业:过去,现在和未来
R Ntsiva N Andriatsitohaina1, Patrick Laby1, Jorge C Llopis2,3
1Mention Foresterie et Environnement, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
概括
马达加斯加的农林业为农民提供了多功能和收入,但也面临着挑战. 未来的成功取决于解决土地所有权,金融和市场问题,以实现可持续发展.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
背景情况:
- 农林系统具有高度的多功能性,提供产量和生态系统服务,特别有利于热带地区的小农户.
- 马达加斯加的历史显示,自19世纪以来,种植园作物被整合到混合农林系统中.
- 像丁香,香草,咖啡和可可这样的作物是马达加斯加农业林业的核心,支持生计和出口.
研究的目的:
- 描述马达加斯加农林业的历史.
- 审查有关农林业成果 (生态和社会经济) 的当前文献.
- 确定促进和阻碍农林建立和维护的因素,并讨论未来的潜力.
主要方法:
- 关于马达加斯加农林业的文献综述.
- 分析历史的作物引入和融入农业系统的分析.
- 对生态和社会经济结果的研究综合.
主要成果:
- 马达加斯加的农林业涉及诸如花生,香草,咖啡和可可等作物,对出口做出了重大贡献 (27.4%) 并支持超过50万名农民.
- 生态成果显示出对单一种植的好处,而社会经济研究表明小农的财务收益和社区利益.
- 在地理和作物覆盖面以及生态结果评估方面存在重大研究缺口.
结论:
- 马达加斯加的农林业具有多功能土地利用和改善人类福祉的巨大潜力.
- 克服土地所有权不安全,财务限制和不稳定的价值链等障碍对于扩大农业林业至关重要.
- 未来的努力应集中在研究填补知识缺口和政策干预,以支持可持续的农业林业发展.
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