Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

237
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
237
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

107
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
107
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

718
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
718
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

258
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
258
Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

195
Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
195
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

324
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
324

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Visual memory.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same author

Sensory Neural Noise as a Limiting Factor in Visual Working Memory Precision in Neurotypicals and Schizophrenia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Automaticity speeds the retrieval of instances from the human hippocampus.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Capacity not required: A long-term memory model that exhibits key signatures of working memory.

Psychological review·2025
Same author

What is memorable across the Pacific Ocean shows evidence of prior learning on the memorability of new visual inputs.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Executive control can query hidden human memories.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2025

相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
09:15

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

Published on: February 4, 2015

27.3K

蓄意学习建立了多个注意力集,同时指导注意力.

Sisi Wang1, Geoffrey F Woodman1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.

Journal of experimental psychology. General
|August 1, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

人类可以通过统计学学习来学习多个注意力集,引导注意力预测目标特征. 这项研究表明,学习的注意力集可以同时增强感知注意力和感知后过程.

更多相关视频

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
05:58

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking

Published on: August 29, 2018

8.9K
An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice
08:35

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Published on: January 22, 2016

12.2K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2025

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
09:15

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

Published on: February 4, 2015

27.3K
Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
05:58

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking

Published on: August 29, 2018

8.9K
An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice
08:35

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Published on: January 22, 2016

12.2K

科学领域:

  • 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
  • 人类的注意力人类的注意力
  • 统计学学习 统计学学习

背景情况:

  • 人类的认知依赖于提取环境规律来指导行为.
  • 通过统计学学习形成的注意力集,有助于准特定特征.
  • 在故意学习过程中建立和注意力指导多个注意力集仍然在很大程度上是未知的.

研究的目的:

  • 调查是否可以在故意学习期间建立多个预测目标特征的多重注意力集.
  • 确定这些注意力集在视觉搜索任务中如何引导注意力.
  • 检查通过学习的统计规律来引导注意力的基础的神经机制.

主要方法:

  • 人类观察者执行了一个视觉搜索任务,使用概率色彩-目标形状关联.
  • 任务涉及五种独特的颜色概率 (33%到5%),以建立统计规律.
  • 电脑电图 (EEG) 被记录下来,以分析任务期间的神经活动.

主要成果:

  • 观察者学会了颜色规律,对更高概率的颜色表现出更快的反应.
  • 性能改进并不是由于样本大小或简单的特征启动.
  • 脑电图数据显示,对高概率颜色的N2后侧反侧和晚期正复合 (LPC) 组件有增强,这表明对感知和后感知过程的影响.

结论:

  • 在有意学习期间,可以建立多个注意力集,并与一般任务获取相结合.
  • 这些学习的注意力集同时通过增强感知注意力和感知后处理来引导注意力.
  • 研究结果表明,基于学习的统计规律性,注意力控制的复杂机制存在.