作为注意力工具的示范词:语言中精神表现的证据
Julian Jara-Ettinger1,2,3, Paula Rubio-Fernandez4,5
1Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510.
概括
演示词,如"这个"和"那个",是语言中嵌入的天生的注意力工具,指导听众的注意力. 这种语言特征,经常被说话者忽略,揭示了语言的语言特征.
科学领域:
- 语言学的语言学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 语言是分享思想的社会工具,通常依赖于精神表征和格里斯推理.
- 之前的理解表明,精神表征在外部调节语言意义.
- 基本语言元素在社会认知中的作用尚未得到充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查是否代表别人的注意力是内在嵌入语言本身.
- 为了确定示范的功能超越空间容量.
- 探索语言结构与社会认知之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 跨语言分析十种语言的演示.
- 研究了示范的空间和注意力使用.
- 运用计算建模来分析示例中的思维表征.
主要成果:
- 演示功能作为内在的注意力工具,编码共同的注意力和引导听众的注意力.
- 展示词的空间和注意使用频率在不同语言之间有所不同,这表明了传统的含义.
- 计算模型证实精神表征被编码在示范中,由Gricean推理增强,尽管说话者往往没有意识到.
结论:
- 他人的认知状态的表现,特别是注意力,都嵌入了语言中.
- 像示范语言这样的基本语言构建块依赖于社会认知.
- 语言内在地包含了沟通的社会认知机制.
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