结核菌传染率的差异与宿主-病原体共性有关
Matthias I Gröschel1,2,3, Francy J Pérez-Llanos4,5,6, Roland Diel7,8
1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. matthias_groeschel@hms.harvard.edu.
Nature microbiology
|August 1, 2024
概括
在地理上受到限制的Mycobacterium结核综合体 (Mtbc) 血统比广泛传播的更容易传播. Mtbc菌株与人类之间的长期共存形成了基于人类种群的差异性传播能力.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 适应人类的Mycobacterium结核综合体 (Mtbc) 血统往往表现出有限的地理分布.
- 假设这些血统在对应宿主 (共享相同区域的宿主) 之间更有效地传播.
- 之前的研究并没有完全证实这一假设,同时控制了诸如暴露和社交网络等混因素.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究地理上有限的与广泛的Mtbc血统的传染性.
- 为了确定宿主-病原体暴露 (全病原体与同病原体) 是否影响mtbc传播.
- 了解长期宿主-病原体共存对Mtbc血统传播能力的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用了3个低发病率城市的2,279例肺结核病例和12,749例接触者的病原体基因组数据和接触者追踪信息.
- 将地理上有限的Mtbc血统的传播能力与全球广泛的血统进行了比较.
- 根据全病原体与同病原体宿主致病原体暴露的接触者的估计感染率.
- 在全方位巨菌感染中量化了特定Mtbc血统的吸收 (血统6与血统4).
主要成果:
- 与全球广泛的血统相比,地理上受限制的Mtbc血统的传播能力较低.
- 与同情性暴露相比,全方位宿主病原体暴露与接触者感染的几率下降38%有关.
- 与广泛传播的4系菌株相比,地理上受限的6系菌株在全方位巨菌感染中吸收率降低了10倍.
结论:
- 在Mycobacterium结核复杂菌株和人类群体之间长期的共存导致了Mtbc血统的差异性传播.
- Mtbc血统的传染性受到病原体及其宿主地理分布的影响.
- 宿主-病原体共同进化导致不同的传播动态,这取决于特定的人群和病原体血统.
更多相关视频
09:34An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis
Published on: August 16, 2021
1.8K
10:04Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
Published on: September 5, 2017
18.8K
相关概念视频
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
228
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
228
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
215
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
215
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
316
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
316
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
134
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
134
01:31Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
1.4K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.4K
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
176
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
176