类甲基组揭示了双胞胎细胞中祖先的发育和与衰老相关的表观遗传侵蚀
Kero Guynes1,2, Luke A Sarre1, Allan M Carrillo-Baltodano1
1School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
Genome biology
|August 1, 2024
概括
DNA甲基化 (5mC) 模式在动物之间有所不同. 在类动物中,基因体甲基化与转录联系在一起,但随着年龄的增长而衰减,与可转移元素的重新激活一起,影响了发育.
科学领域:
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 进行比较的基因组学.
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
背景情况:
- 基因甲基化,特别是5-甲基细胞素 (5mC),是动物的一个关键的表观遗传标记.
- 脊椎动物表现出高甲基化,而无脊椎动物经常表现出基因体甲基化 (GbM) 和/或马赛克模式.
- 了解5mC的动态和物种间的变化至关重要,特别是在研究不足的Spiralia类中.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究DNA甲基化模式及其发展动态在Annelida,一个主要的螺旋类.
- 探索5mC,基因转录和可转移元素 (TEs) 在类物种之间的关系.
- 评估5mC对状体发育和基因组稳定性的功能影响.
主要方法:
- 为三种类物种生成基分辨率甲基组.
- 分析5mC分布与基因转录和可转移元素的关系.
- 在Owenia fusiformis*胚胎中使用cytidine类似物对5mC水平进行实验性操纵.
主要成果:
- 类动物表现出多样化的5mC模式,包括马赛克,超甲基化和甲基化损失.
- 基因体甲基化 (GbM) 是普遍存在的,但其与转录的联系在发育过程中减少.
- 年龄取决于全球去甲基化发生在成年类动物中,减少5mC会损害胚胎生成并重新激活TE.
结论:
- 在发育和衰老期间的全球表观遗传侵蚀似乎是双边动物的祖先.
- 基因体甲基化和转录之间的关联在早期发育中至关重要.
- 可转移元素的5mC介导沉默可能在各种动物血统中独立演变.
相关概念视频
01:37Epigenetic Regulation
3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
3.0K
01:29Replication in Eukaryotes
13.6K
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
13.6K
01:37Mitochondria
11.8K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
11.8K
03:09Meiosis I
40.3K
Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
40.3K
03:17Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
6.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.2K