管理实践对息地选择在幼山狮分散期间的影响
John F Randolph1,2,3, Julie K Young1,2, David C Stoner1,2
1Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan Utah USA.
Ecology and evolution
|August 2, 2024
概括
山狮在散播期间避开人类改变的区域,特别是在狩猎发生的地方. 管理策略,像狩猎法规一样,在人类主导的景观中显著影响野生动物的行为.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
背景情况:
- 对于年轻动物建立家庭范围而言,分散是至关重要的.
- 青少年分散涉及在道路和城市地区等具有人为风险的景观中进行导航.
- 加利福尼亚州和内华达州的山狮 (Puma concolor) 种群在狩猎方面面临着不同的管理做法.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较来自不同管理策略 (狩猎与保护) 的群体的幼山狮的分散行为.
- 确定景观特征和人为风险如何影响山狮散播状态.
- 了解管理在塑造野生动物分散模式中的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用GPS-collar数据和净平方位移分析来定义分散状态 (探索性,离开,暂时的家庭范围).
- 采用综合步骤选择分析 (iSSA) 来比较加利福尼亚州和内华达州人口之间的息地选择.
- 包括景观变量,如距离自然资源,开发土地和道路的距离,以及在iSSA模型中的海拔和地形崎.
主要成果:
- 息地选择模式在人口之间基本一致,除了人为变量.
- 内华达州的山狮种群 (受到狩猎的影响) 在分散期间显著避免开发的土地和道路.
- 在分散期间,对加利福尼亚州受保护的山狮种群来说,人类共同变异并不重要.
结论:
- 狩猎和非致命的追逐 (用猎犬追逐) 增加了避免人类造成的景观分散幼山狮的情况.
- 管理实践,特别是狩猎法规,在塑造野生动物分散行为方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 对比人口研究为人类对野生动物生态和保护策略的影响提供了有价值的见解.
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