环境法规对中国健康贫困的影响
Luqing Fan1,2, Xiaojia Li3, Naoru Koizumi2
1School of Finance and Accounting, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, PR China.
Heliyon
|August 2, 2024
概括
政府的环境保护支出改善了公共卫生,特别是对低收入的农村人口. 预防性法规和减少可吸入微粒 (PM2.5) 污染带来了最大的健康益处.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 政府对环境保护的支出是一个关键的政策领域,可能会对公众健康产生影响.
- 了解环境财政支出的具体机制和受益者对于有效的政策设计至关重要.
- 现有的研究往往缺乏对健康评估的多维方法和对法规类型的具体分析.
研究的目的:
- 分析省级环境法规对中国人口健康的影响.
- 开发和应用一个多维的健康贫困 (MHP) 评分,以测量整体健康状况.
- 确定空气污染,特别是可吸入微粒 (PM2.5) 在环境法规与健康关系中的中介作用.
主要方法:
- 对2010年和2018年中国家庭小组研究 (CFPS) 数据的分析.
- 应用Alkire Foster方法来构建多维健康贫困 (MHP) 评分.
- 计量经济学分析以评估财政环境支出,监管类型,PM2.5和健康结果之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 对环境法规的财政支出增加对当地居民的健康产生了积极影响.
- 在农村地区的低收入人群中,健康益处更为明显.
- 预防性环境法规显示出比补救性环境法规更大的健康益处.
- 微细可吸入颗粒 (PM2.5) 显著介导环境法规对公共健康的积极影响.
结论:
- 财政环境支出是改善公共卫生的有效工具,特别是对弱势农村人口来说.
- 建议优化对预防和农村地区的环境支出.
- 加强环境保护政策的区域合作和协调对于最大限度地提高健康效益至关重要.
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