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使用器官来模拟人类大脑中的性别差异.

Adam Pavlinek1,2, Dwaipayan Adhya3,4, Alex Tsompanidis3

  • 1Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Biological psychiatry global open science
|August 2, 2024
PubMed
概括

大脑发育中的性别差异受性别类固醇和染色体的影响. 人类大脑有机体为研究这些产前差异提供了一个模型,尽管仍然存在挑战.

关键词:
自闭症 自闭症 自闭症大脑有机体是大脑中的有机体.性染色体的性别染色体性差异性差异性差异性差异性差异性差异性差异性类固醇是一种类固醇.一个X染色体不活化.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 发育生物学 发展生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 大脑发育中的性别差异从产前阶段就显而易见,影响了自闭症等疾病.
  • 男人通常表现出更大的大脑体积,海马和杏仁体有显著差异.
  • 性类固醇和性染色体是这些发育差异的关键驱动因素.

研究的目的:

  • 审查性类固醇和性染色体对大脑发育的贡献.
  • 检查X染色体失活在性别差异中的作用.
  • 讨论人类大脑器官对研究这些现象的有用性和局限性.

主要方法:

  • 关于神经发育中的性别差异现有文献的综述.
  • 分析利用人类诱导的多能干细胞衍生的脑器官的研究.
  • 检查基因和激素对产前大脑发育的影响.

主要成果:

  • 大脑有机体揭示了细胞增殖和神经元发育的产前差异.
  • 雄激素与激发性神经元的神经生成的增加有关.
  • X染色体不活化是导致性别差异的一个重要因素.

结论:

  • 人类大脑器官是模拟产前大脑发育中的复杂遗传特征的宝贵工具.
  • 需要进一步的研究来应对模拟X染色体失活和有机体限制的挑战.
  • 了解大脑发育中的性别差异对于解决神经心理疾病至关重要.