环境介导的垂直传输促进了长角甲虫和它们的共生体之间的未结合的基因关系
Yasunori Sasakura1, Nobuhisa Yuzawa2, Junsuke Yamasako3
1Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan, sasakura@shimoda.tsukuba.ac.jp.
Zoological science
|August 2, 2024
概括
长角甲虫 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) 幼虫中的真菌共生体在营养充足的情况下,对于生长来说并不必不可少. 这表明共生在称为菌体的专门器官发育之前就已经进化了.
科学领域:
- 昆虫学 昆虫学是一门学科.
- 共生研究的研究共生.
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
背景情况:
- 长角甲虫的幼虫 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) 在各种状态下利用木材进行营养.
- 一些长角甲虫幼虫拥有菌体,这些器官包含真菌共生体,据信可以增强营养的可用性.
研究的目的:
- 研究菌体及其在长角甲虫中的真菌共生体的进化历史和特征.
- 通过实验确定真菌共生体在幼虫营养和生长中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在不同长角甲虫子家族 (Lepturinae,Necydalinae,Spondylidinae) 中对菌群和真菌细胞特征进行比较分析.
- 对宿主甲虫及其共生酵母的植物遗传学分析.
- 在不同的营养条件下,在有或没有共生体的情况下对幼虫生长的实验评估.
主要成果:
- 菌株和相关的真菌在Lepturinae,Necydalinae和Spondylidinae之间有很大的差异.
- 主体-共生体的基因一致性不存在,这表明酵母的垂直传播不完美.
- 如果提供足够的营养,真菌共生体对于幼虫生长是不可或缺的.
- 在一些Lepturinae中,二次菌体的丧失与饮食变化有关.
- 在缺乏菌体的*Aegosoma sinicum* (Prioninae) 的肠道中存在特定的酵母,这表明共生早于菌体的获取.
结论:
- 长角甲虫中的真菌共生可能早于菌体的进化.
- 菌群和它们的共生体对幼虫发育并不必不可少,营养是关键因素.
- 饮食习惯可以影响菌根体器官的保留或丧失.
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