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相关概念视频

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

2.1K
The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
2.1K
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

4.4K
The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
4.4K
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

6.5K
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
6.5K
Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

5.3K
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
5.3K
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

1.9K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
1.9K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum
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Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum

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在Euarchontoglires中的内分泌形状变化和全量学.

Madlen M Lang1, Camilo López-Aguirre2, Lauren Schroeder3,4

  • 1University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada. madlen.lang@mail.utoronto.ca.

Scientific reports
|August 2, 2024
PubMed
概括

这项研究揭示了Euarchontoglires中独特的内形状模式,显示了显著的基因学差异和大脑大小和形状之间的各种各样的全米关系,特别是在鱼和动物中.

关键词:
一个全度测量法.脑子 脑子 脑子 脑子在内分泌中,内分泌是 Endocast.脑内膜的形状 脑内膜的形状欧盟的监督是没有的.几何形态仪表的几何形态仪表.灵长类动物 灵长类动物

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科学领域:

  • 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
  • 比较解剖学的比较解剖学.
  • 古老神经病学 (paleoneurology) 是一种神经病学.

背景情况:

  • 在Euarchontoglires中大脑的大小得到了充分的研究,但大脑形状及其全度轨迹仍然不太了解.
  • 了解这些模式对于解读这个多样化的群体内的进化趋势至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了分析现存的euaarchontoglirans的内大脑形状变化和全量学.
  • 在大脑形状中识别家族遗传模式和特定群体的全度关系.

主要方法:

  • 利用了140种欧阿孔托格兰物种的数字头骨内分泌物上的3D几何形态分析.
  • 应用主要组件分析和ANOVA来评估形状变化,家族遗传信号和全米效应.

主要成果:

  • 脑内膜形状表现出明显的遗传学模式,主要分类之间存在显著差异 (例如,Platyrrhini,Strepsirrhini,Rodentia).
  • 度学显著影响整个Euarchontoglires的内形状,在群体之间的缩放关系中存在显著差异.
  • 石板鱼表现出最强大的尺寸和形状关系,而动物表现出最多的形状多样性.

结论:

  • 大脑形状和大小在Euarchontoglires之间如何变化存在根本的差异.
  • 这些变化的全米图案可能有助于在这个超级秩序中观察到的适应辐射.