基于空气质量指数预测和中国代表性城市空气污染物识别的优化空气质量管理
Zhilong Guo1, Xiangnan Jing2, Yuewei Ling3
1Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Scientific reports
|August 2, 2024
概括
准确的空气质量预测和污染物识别至关重要. 一个新的VMD-CSA-CNN-LSTM模型准确地预测空气质量指数 (AQI),并在中国9个城市中识别PM2.5和PM10等关键污染物.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
- 计算化学计算化学
背景情况:
- 空气污染对健康和环境构成重大风险,特别是在工业化地区.
- 准确的空气质量预测和污染物识别对于公众健康和生态稳定至关重要.
- 现有的模型需要优化,以提高预测准确性和污染物归因.
研究的目的:
- 通过空气质量指数 (AQI) 的高级预测来优化空气质量管理.
- 确定导致不同中国城市AQI水平变化的主要空气污染物.
- 开发和验证用于日常 AQI 预测的新型混合机器学习模型.
主要方法:
- 提出了VMD-CSA-CNN-LSTM模型,集成变化模式分解 (VMD),驼群算法 (CSA),卷积神经网络 (CNN) 和长短期记忆 (LSTM).
- 从2015年1月到2021年11月在中国9个城市使用每日AQI数据进行了训练和验证该模型.
- 使用随机森林算法来识别影响AQI水平的关键空气污染物.
主要成果:
- 在训练期间,VMD-CSA-CNN-LSTM模型在AQI预测中实现了高准确性,调整后R平方为98.91%和低误差指标 (RMSE=2.25,MAPE=0.02).
- 八个城市的外部验证显示出强的表现,调整后的R平方超过96%和低错误率.
- 确定了PM2.5作为北京,太原和西安的主要污染物;PM10在霍霍特,阴川和兰州;以及PM2.5和PM10,以及臭氧,在上海,南京和武汉.
结论:
- VMD-CSA-CNN-LSTM模型在日常 AQI 预测准确性和污染物识别方面取得了重大进展.
- 该研究为决策者提供了一种可靠的工具,以实施有针对性的空气质量管理和减少污染的战略.
- 将先进的计算技术集成到环境监测中,可以提高空气质量评估,减轻污染风险.
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