脂解途径调节乳牛脂肪细胞中的脂介质释放和内分泌系统信号传递
Madison N Myers1, Miguel Chirivi1, Jeff C Gandy1
1Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Journal of animal science and biotechnology
|August 2, 2024
概括
乳牛的脂解途径影响内分泌大麻素系统的组成部分. 不同的脂解类型明确调节脂肪细胞中的内分泌大麻素生产和基因表达,影响代谢健康.
科学领域:
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 奶牛在过渡到哺乳期期间调动自由脂肪酸 (FFA),以满足能源需求.
- 过度的FFA释放会导致脂质积累,增加代谢和传染病的风险.
- 内分泌大麻素 (eCB) 和N-乙乙醇胺 (NAE) 是影响新陈代谢和炎症的脂质介质.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究正规和炎症性脂解途径如何调节牛脂肪细胞中的eCB生产和基因表达.
- 测试假设eCB合成和内分泌系统 (ECS) 组件转录是由脂解调节的假设.
主要方法:
- 脂肪细胞从荷尔斯坦乳牛中分离出来.
- 使用异二醇 (ISO) 刺激了脂解,用于正规途径,使用脂聚糖化物 (LPS) 刺激了炎症途径.
- 测量了脂解强度,eCB/NAE释放和ECS基因转录.
主要成果:
- 无论是ISO还是LPS都类似地刺激了脂解.
- ISO增加了2-阿拉基多诺伊尔甘油 (2-AG) 的释放,并对2-AG生物合成和运输的基因进行了上调.
- LPS增加了N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) 的释放,并调节了AEA生物合成,eCB降解和运输的基因.
结论:
- 规范性和炎症性脂解途径明显调节牛脂肪细胞中的eCB释放和ECS基因表达.
- eCB 生产和 ECS 组件表达至少部分由脂解以路径依赖的方式介导.
- 这些发现有助于更好地了解奶牛的代谢调节和潜在的疾病预防策略.
相关概念视频
Overview of Lipid Metabolism
1.2K
Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
1.2K
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway
12.0K
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
12.0K
Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation
524
Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
Considering cholesterol and...
524
Lipid Absorption
416
Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
416
Lipid Digestion
91.3K
Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
91.3K


