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在冲动行为背后存在异常的谷氨基质系统:从临床和临床前研究的见解
1Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
|August 4, 2024
概括
谷氨酸是大脑的主要刺激性神经递质,在调节冲动性方面起着关键作用. 功能障碍的谷氨酸活性与各种形式的冲动性有关,这种冲动性在诸如注意力缺陷/多动症 (ADHD) 等疾病中可见.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 神经化学 神经化学
背景情况:
- 冲动性是一种复杂的行为,与诸如ADHD,情绪障碍和物质使用障碍等精神疾病有关.
- 虽然已知单胺会影响冲动性,但新兴研究强调了谷氨酸的主要刺激性神经递质的作用.
- 谷氨酸失调越来越多地与特征是冲动行为状况的病理生理学有关.
研究的目的:
- 审查临床和临床前证据,将谷氨酸神经传递与冲动性的不同方面联系起来.
- 探索谷氨酸质激素通路在运动冲动性,冲动性选择和情感冲动性中的特定作用.
- 为了确定冲动性障碍的潜在治疗点,这些障碍对当前的治疗方法具有抗性.
主要方法:
- 审查现有的临床研究检查冲动性和谷氨酸.
- 对研究冲动性的神经生物学基础的临床前研究进行分析.
- 综合证据,将特定大脑区域的谷氨酸活性与不同类型的冲动性联系起来.
主要成果:
- 过度活跃的皮质前皮层和大脑-小脑谷氨酸活性显著影响运动冲动性.
- 冲动选择与低活跃的额头/海马体和高活跃的前带带膜/核的谷氨酸活性有关.
- 情感冲动性涉及与运动冲动性相似的谷氨酸干扰功能障碍,加上边缘系统的过度活动.
结论:
- 前额叶皮层和核中的谷氨酸稳定性障碍可能分别是运动/情感冲动和冲动选择的基础.
- 了解这些谷氨酸中介途径为治疗耐药冲动性提供了新的治疗途径.
- 针对特定的谷氨基质电路可以为注意力缺陷/多动障碍和相关疾病提供有效的干预措施.
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