微塑料对海洋生物丰富性,多样性和社区组成的短期影响
Flávia J L de França1, Tom Moens2, Renan B da Silva1
1Campus Recife, Center for Biosciences, Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
PeerJ
|August 5, 2024
概括
聚烯微塑料 (MPs) 被海洋生物所摄入,其影响因度而异. 较低的MP度显著降低了动物群的丰富性和多样性,而较高的度显示影响最小.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 海洋生态系统越来越受到塑料废物,特别是微塑料 (MP) 的影响.
- 聚乙烯 (PS) MPs比水更密,在海洋沉积物中积累,对谷底社区构成风险.
- 海洋动物在海洋食物网中发挥着至关重要的作用,作为MP的热带转移的环节.
研究的目的:
- 调查海洋生物群的聚乙烯微塑料 (MPs) 摄入情况.
- 评估不同MP度对环境动物群落结构和多样性的影响.
- 了解MPs通过 meiofauna的潜在的食用转移.
主要方法:
- 含有海洋沉积物的微观宇宙被暴露在1μm PS MPs中的三种度 (10^3,10^5,10^7颗粒/mL) 中,持续了9天.
- 每三天取样一次,量化,识别到更高的类型水平,并通过显微镜评估MP摄入量.
- 分析了对 meiofauna 密度,物种丰富度,Shannon-Wiener 多样性和均性的影响.
主要成果:
- 除了Tardigrada外,所有生物种都摄入了MP,摄入量随着MP度的增加而增加.
- 在较低的MP度 (10^3和10^5颗粒/毫升) 中,动物群密度和物种丰富度显著下降.
- 在最高MP度 (10^7粒子/毫升) 时,丰度和多样性与对照组相似,表明微妙的影响.
结论:
- 生物群中微塑料的摄入取决于剂量,并且在种群中广泛存在.
- 较低的微塑料度可以显著影响生物多样性和丰富性.
- 虽然高度显示出微妙的影响,但需要进一步研究,以了解微塑料暴露在海洋盆地社区的机制和长期影响.
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