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相关概念视频

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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靠近腰部骨折和骨关节脱位的突变

Maren Bieling1, Alexander Ellwein1,2, Helmut Lill1

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靠近腰部骨折和关节关节损伤是常见的. 治疗方法从非手术到手术,如骨质合成,内置假肢或Endobutton系统,取决于受伤严重程度和患者的因素.

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骨髓关节的关节不稳定性通过关节镜辅助的Endobutton系统.横向不稳定的水平不稳定性关节保护锁板固定固定方式靠近腰椎骨折 骨折 靠近腰椎骨折反向全肩关节整形手术

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科学领域:

  • 整形外科手术 整形外科手术
  • 创伤学 创伤学 创伤学
  • 运动医学 运动医学

背景情况:

  • 靠近骨骨折在老年人中很常见,通常与骨质疏松症有关,需要根据位移进行量身定制的治疗.
  • 骨关节损伤主要影响年轻运动员,严重程度决定治疗,从保守到手术干预.

研究的目的:

  • 审查近腰骨骨折和关节关节损伤的当前治疗策略.
  • 讨论操作与非操作管理的决策过程.
  • 为了突出外科手术技术和植入系统的进步.

主要方法:

  • 关于近腰骨骨折和关节关节损伤的当前文献的综述.
  • 基于骨折分类和患者特定因素的治疗算法的分析.
  • 历史和现代手术技术的比较,包括骨质合成,逆肩关节塑造和Endobutton系统.

主要成果:

  • 非手术治疗适用于最小位移的近腰骨折;复杂的病例受益于手术干预,逆肩关节整形术显示出良好的长期结果.
  • 关节关节损伤的管理取决于罗克伍德分类,关于更高等级的手术指示的争论仍在进行中.
  • 至少侵入性的Endobutton系统现在是关节关节损伤的标准,取代了像板这样的旧方法,因为并发症较少.

结论:

  • 靠近骨骨折和关节关节损伤的最佳治疗需要仔细考虑骨折形态,损伤严重程度和个体患者的因素.
  • 手术技术的进步,如逆肩关节整形术和Endobutton系统,改善了复杂的上肢创伤的结果.
  • 需要进行进一步的研究,以澄清更高度的骨髓关节损伤的最佳手术指示.