艾滋病毒感染者戒烟的干预措施
Noreen D Mdege1,2, Sarwat Shah1, Omara Dogar1,3
1Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|August 5, 2024
概括
艾滋病毒感染者 (PLWH) 吸烟率很高. 虽然瓦雷尼克林可以帮助PLWH戒烟,但其他干预措施的证据仍然有限,阻碍了将其纳入艾滋病毒治疗.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究研究
- 成 药物 药物 药物 药物
背景情况:
- 艾滋病毒感染者 (PLWH) 的烟草使用率明显高 (高达一般人口的四倍).
- 吸烟加剧了艾滋病毒向艾滋病的进展,增加了死亡风险.
- 有效的戒烟干预措施对于改善PLWH健康至关重要,但由于证据不足,缺乏将其纳入常规HIV护理.
研究的目的:
- 评估吸烟者戒烟干预措施的有效性,安全性和耐受性.
- 为了比较针对PLWH的定制与非定制戒烟干预措施.
- 更新关于这个主题的先前系统审查.
主要方法:
- 随机对照试验 (RCT) 和其他研究设计的系统审查和元分析.
- 包括个人/团体行为或药理干预措施,以及PLWH中戒烟的系统改变干预措施.
- 主要结局包括在≥6个月戒烟,不良事件 (AE) 和严重不良事件 (SAE).
主要成果:
- 中等确定性证据表明,与安慰剂相比,瓦雷尼克林在PLWH中增加了戒烟率 (13%与7%相比).
- 低确定性证据显示,行为支持或系统改变干预措施 (例如"温暖的交付") 没有明显的好处,而不是通常的护理或简短的建议.
- 瓦伦尼克林和安慰剂之间没有发现严重不良事件 (SAE) 的显著差异 (低确定性证据).
结论:
- 瓦伦尼克林在PLWH中似乎对戒烟有效,但与安慰剂相比,SAE没有明显增加.
- 支持行为支持,组合疗法 (NRT) 或用于PLWH戒烟的系统改变干预措施的证据目前有限或确定性低.
- 需要进一步的研究,以指导政策和实践,将有效的戒烟策略整合到艾滋病治疗中.
相关概念视频
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
227
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
227
Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.8K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.8K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management
2.5K
Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Smoking Cessation
2.5K
Sexually Transmitted Infections
292
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
292
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
176
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
176
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Nursing Management
3.7K
Nursing management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is crucial for providing thorough care and support to patients. Nurses play an integral role in this process through detailed assessment, careful planning, targeted interventions, and ongoing evaluation. Here's an overview of the critical steps in nursing management for COPD.
Assessment
Assessment
3.7K


