在哥本哈根大都会地区的基础设施建设工地,空气中的颗粒物和柴油发动机排气
Patrick L Ferree1, Merve Polat1, Jakob K Nøjgaard1
1The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.
Annals of work exposures and health
|August 5, 2024
概括
在户外建筑工地暴露于柴油发动机废气 (DEE),特别是地面工人和钻井平台运营商的特征. 虽然低于目前的限值,但长时间暴露于DEE颗粒物可能会对健康造成风险.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 职业卫生 职业卫生
- 监测空气污染 监测空气污染
背景情况:
- 柴油发动机废气 (DEE) 是已知的致癌物质,对在柴油机动机械附近工作的人员造成重大健康风险.
- 对DEE及其相关颗粒物 (PM) 的工作场所暴露的特征对于评估和减轻职业环境中的健康危害至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在户外建筑活动中量化工作场所对柴油发动机废气 (DEE) 和颗粒物 (PM) 的暴露水平.
- 确定具有较高暴露风险的特定职位角色,并分析与DEE相关的颗粒数度和尺寸分布.
主要方法:
- 在哥本哈根四个建筑工地使用便携式和石英纤维过器测量了个人接触元素碳 (EC).
- 使用实时仪器收集粒子数量,大小分布和黑碳 (BC) 度的数据.
- 收集基于活动的信息,以将暴露水平与特定的建筑任务相关联.
主要成果:
- 全班 EC 度从<0.3到6.4μg/m3不等,地面工人 (3.4μg/m3) 和钻井平台操作人员 (2.6μg/m3) 的几何平均暴露量最高.
- 峰值BC度高达44μg/m3,颗粒大小分布以超细颗粒为主,这表明DEE.
- 与没有钻井平台相比,在具有活跃钻井平台的地点,近场颗粒数度显著更高.
结论:
- 观察到的DEE暴露在丹麦和欧盟的现行职业暴露限值以下.
- 然而,超细颗粒的存在和某些角色的高度表明,在这些水平上长时间暴露于DEE仍然可能对建筑工人构成健康风险.
- 进一步研究长期健康影响和改进暴露控制策略是有必要的.
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