佛罗里达州慢性阻塞性肺病的空间模式和社会人口学预测因素
1Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
PeerJ
|August 6, 2024
概括
在佛罗里达州,慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 患病率存在地理差异,特别是在中北部县. 吸烟和喘率与较高的COPD患病率有关,指导有针对性的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 地理健康 地理健康
背景情况:
- 慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 是全球主要的死亡原因,患病率随着年龄的增长而增加.
- 在美国,6.2%的成年人患有COPD,在65岁以上的人群中,这一比例上升至12.8%. 佛罗里达州大量的老年人口使其成为COPD研究的关键领域.
- 了解COPD的地理差异及其与环境和人口因素的联系对于有效的干预策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查佛罗里达州COPD流行情况的县级地理差异.
- 确定与COPD患病率相关的县级社会人口预测因素.
主要方法:
- 一项生态研究利用美国人口普查局,佛罗里达州健康图表和县卫生排名和路线图的数据.
- 2019年使用空间扫描统计数据分析了根据年龄标准化的COPD患病率数据,以确定高患病率集群.
- 用多变量普通最小平方回归来确定县级COPD流行率的预测指标.
主要成果:
- 县级年龄调整后的COPD患病率从4.7%到16.9%不等,中位数为9.6%.
- 确定了六个高流行度的空间集群,其中最大的涵盖了佛罗里达州从中北部到中南部的13个县.
- 较高的COPD患病率的重要预测因素包括患有喘的居民的百分比和目前吸烟者的百分比.
结论:
- 佛罗里达州的COPD患病率空间集群很明显,受到吸烟等健康行为和喘等并发症的分布的影响.
- 这种地理和人口理解对于制定有针对性的干预措施来减少COPD相关的健康差异和改善公共卫生结果至关重要.
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