工作记忆训练对学龄前儿童的工作记忆,自我调节和模拟推理的影响
David Tzuriel1, Tammy Weiss1, Gaby Kashy-Rosenbaum2
1Faculty of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
The British journal of educational psychology
|August 6, 2024
概括
工作记忆训练 (WMT) 改善了学龄前儿童的工作记忆 (WM) 和自我调节. 然而,工作记忆程序的可修改性 (MWMP) 对模拟推理技能没有显著影响.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 工作记忆 (WM) 对认知发展至关重要.
- 一种新的四个方面模型 (中介学习,认知功能,任务特征,元认知) 支持工作记忆程序 (MWMP) 的可修改性.
- 该模型认为,这些组件的同步交互对于增强WM至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查非计算机化工作记忆训练 (WMT) 程序对学龄前儿童的WM和流体智能的影响.
- 基于四个方面理论模型,评估工作记忆程序 (MWMP) 可修改性的有效性.
- 确定WMT是否导致转移效应在类似推理等相关认知技能中.
主要方法:
- 一个准实验性的设计,涉及典型的发展学龄前儿童.
- 一个实验组 (n=62) 接受了MWMP,而一个控制组 (n=56) 参与了替代方案.
- 使用ANCOVA进行了干预前后评估,对WM,自我调节和模拟推理进行了评估,对年龄和社会经济地位进行了控制.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,MWMP组的儿童在特定的工作记忆和自我调节任务中表现出明显的改善.
- 在实验组的模拟推理能力上没有观察到统计学意义上的转移效应.
- 这些发现支持了MWMP及其基础理论框架的有效性.
结论:
- 这项研究证实了为幼儿园儿童提供非计算机化WMT程序的有效性.
- 结果验证了工作记忆增强的四个方面理论模型.
- 对于未来的WMT研究的建议包括理论基础的方法,可适应的培训程序,专注于动机,以及将WM收益与更广泛的生活领域联系起来的远程转移效应的经验证据.
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