加拿大传染性支气管炎病毒的基因定型
Davor Ojkic1, Leonardo Susta2, Emily Martin1
1Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
概括
加拿大的传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV) 在2014年至2023年期间演变为多种菌株,其中美国相关的变种和类似疫苗的病毒占主导地位. 一些IBV菌株导致严重的疾病,增加了群体的挑战.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 分子流行病学分子流行病学
- 禽类的健康 禽类的健康
背景情况:
- 传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV) 对全球家禽业构成重大威胁.
- 新型IBV菌株的不断出现使疾病控制和管理策略复杂化.
- 了解IBV的遗传多样性和演变对于有效的疫苗接种和监测至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从2014年到2023年,描述加拿大的传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV) 的遗传多样性和演变.
- 确定在加拿大家禽种群中流通的占主导地位的IBV菌株.
- 评估特定IBV菌株与疾病严重程度之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 在2014年至2023年期间收集的6589个鸟类样本中检测到IBV.
- 对1678个阳性样本的IBV尖峰 (S) 基因的部分核酸测序.
- 基于S基因序列身份和地理来源的系谱分析来分类IBV菌株.
主要成果:
- 加拿大IBV被分为四个主要组:与美国有关的变种 (50.3%),类似疫苗的病毒 (45.6%),欧亚病毒 (2.1%),加拿大变种 (2.0%).
- 与菌株CAL1734/04,4/91和DMV/1639/11相关的疫情与所有类型的疾病严重程度增加有关.
- 多种IBV菌株的出现导致了感染严重程度的增加和受影响的群体数量,DMV/1639/11自2015年以来造成了持续的挑战.
结论:
- 加拿大IBV景观主要由与美国相关的变种和类似疫苗的病毒主导,这表明有显著的跨境菌株移动和疫苗影响.
- 特定的IBV菌株,特别是DMV/1639/11,CAL1734/04和4/91,与严重疾病爆发有关,突出了针对性控制措施的必要性.
- 不同IBV菌株的不断出现和传播需要持续的基因组监测和适应性疫苗接种策略,以减轻家禽行业的经济损失.
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