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相关概念视频

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.2K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.2K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

8.2K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.2K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.6K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.6K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.2K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

11.9K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
11.9K

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相关实验视频

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Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves
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动态质子修饰签名协调草果成熟的发育计划.

Qinwei Pan1,2, Suping Guo1,2, Jing Ding1,2,3

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, `China.

Horticulture research
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概括

了解森林草 (Fragaria vesca) 的果实成熟过程需要分析染色体结构. 这项研究揭示了基因组修饰和染色质状态如何调节关键的成熟基因,突出了基因组乙化.

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Isolation of Histone from Sorghum Leaf Tissue for Top Down Mass Spectrometry Profiling of Potential Epigenetic Markers
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Author Spotlight: Enhanced Histone PTM Isomer Identification Through LC-TIMS-ToF MS/MS and PASEF
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Isolation of Histone from Sorghum Leaf Tissue for Top Down Mass Spectrometry Profiling of Potential Epigenetic Markers
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科学领域:

  • 植物分子生物学 植物分子生物学
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
  • 水果的发展水果的发展

背景情况:

  • 染色体结构对于在发育过程中调节基因表达至关重要.
  • 染色质修饰在水果成熟中的作用,特别是草中的作用,在很大程度上仍未被探索.
  • 了解这些机制是提高水果质量和产量的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究基因修饰在林地草 (Fragaria vesca) 果实成熟期间调节基因表达中的参与.
  • 为Fragaria vesca基因组开发一个八态染色质结构模型.
  • 为草基因组建立以染色质为中心的注释.

主要方法:

  • 在Fragaria vesca基因组中对七种组素修饰的概况.
  • 在水果成熟过程中分析组织蛋白修饰特征.
  • 开发一个八态染色体模型和以染色体为中心的基因组注释.

主要成果:

  • 七个组织蛋白标记共同覆盖约85%的林地草基因组.
  • 一个八态染色体结构模型揭示了与转录活动相关的多样化染色体环境.
  • 成熟过程中的基因表达,包括酸代谢,素积累和水果软化,与活性色素和多相关色素状态的变化相关.
  • 与成熟相关的基因表达与基因素乙化有很强的相关性,这表明它的调节作用.

结论:

  • 该研究确定了在草果成熟期间与基因表达相关的特定染色体状态.
  • 素乙化在草成熟过程中起着重要的调节作用.
  • 这项工作为了解发育路径和调节水果成熟的信号的协调提供了一个框架.