在日常生活中基于证据的科学思维和决策
Caitlin Dawson1, Hanna Julku2, Milla Pihlajamäki2
1Department of Education, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 3A, 00170, Helsinki, Finland. caitlin.dawson@helsinki.fi.
Cognitive research: principles and implications
|August 7, 2024
概括
好奇心,认知能力和积极的科学态度会影响成年人如何评估科学证据. 在信誉判断中,社会权威往往超过来源质量,影响基于证据的决策.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 科学传播科学传播
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 在知识经济中,有效的决策需要高质量的证据.
- 与科学信息互动涉及推理,认知风格,态度和动机.
- 了解基于证据的决策中的个人差异对于日常科学参与至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定影响成年人与科学信息接触的关键个体因素.
- 在现实世界的决策任务中调查这些因素和行为之间的关系.
- 了解成年人如何辨别科学来源的可信度.
主要方法:
- 一个数据驱动的探索方法确定了四个潜在的因素:好奇心/积极的科学态度,亲社会性,认知技能和开放性.
- 参与者从事自然主义的决策任务,包括评估与科学相关的请愿书的在线文章.
- 文章质量各不相同,参与者根据自己的评价决定如何投票.
主要成果:
- 好奇心,积极的科学态度,认知灵活性,亲社会性和情绪状态预测了信息参与和证据可靠性辨别.
- 社会权威成为来源可信度的重要提示,往往超过实际来源质量和相关性.
- 个人动机 (例如,好奇心) 和社会因素 (例如,社会权威) 显著地推动了信誉判断.
结论:
- 个人态度和认知能力的差异对于处理科学信息至关重要.
- 社会线索,特别是社会权威,在科学信息的可信度如何被感知方面发挥着重要作用.
- 未来的研究应该考虑个人和社会因素来理解基于证据的决策.
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