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相关概念视频

Language Development01:22

Language Development

329
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
329
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

261
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
261
Language01:16

Language

206
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
206
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

340
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
340
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

107
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
107
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

775
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
775

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

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学习一种无音符单词的语言.

Georgia Zellou1, Santiago Barreda1, Mohamed Lahrouchi2

  • 1Linguistics Department, University of California, Davis, USA.

Cognition
|August 7, 2024
PubMed
概括

成年人可以通过听觉接触快速学习罕见的无母音单词. 然而,当语言风格不同时,学习这些单词更困难,这会影响这些独特的词汇形式的获取.

科学领域:

  • 语言学的语言学.
  • 心理语言学 心理语言学
  • 语音学 语音学 语音学

背景情况:

  • 没有母音的单词 (例如,Tashlhiyt的'fkt') 是典型的罕见语言形式.
  • 之前的研究还没有广泛研究成年语言学习者对这些罕见的单词结构的学习能力.

研究的目的:

  • 为了调查成年英语说者是否发现无音符词典比有音符词典更难获得.
  • 探索声学-语音变化 (清晰语音与随意语音) 如何影响无母音单词的学习.

主要方法:

  • 成年参与者接触到无母音或有母音的词典.
  • 实验1涉及使用清晰或随意的语言进行训练.
  • 实验2训练参与者使用明确和随意的语音制作.

主要成果:

  • 当说话风格一致时,听众可以同样好地学习无母音和有母音的单词.
  • 当在训练期间声学语音形式变化时,无母音单词的学习显著下降.
  • 对无母音词典的接触增加了对新型无母音词的接受.

结论:

  • 成年人可以快速获得类型学上罕见的无母音单词.
关键词:
语音变化 语音变化音像战术 (phonotactics) 是一种对视觉战术的应用.语音感知 语音感知没有元音的单词.单词学习 单词学习

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  • 语音输入中的声学语音变化会对无母音单词的学习产生负面影响.
  • 学习者在接触后适应并接受新的无母音形式.